What is the census?
Census refers to a significant data-accumulation exercise conducted by the government of India. Undertaking every 10 years, the census gives a comprehensive snapshot of India's population, economic activity, social composition, housing, migration patterns and literacy. It contributes as a pivotal tool for allocating the government resource, arranging the public policy and securing an inclusive development.
When was the last census done?
The last completed census was conducted in 2011. The 2021 census could have come into existence if the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred. It marks the first deferral in India’s census history. The Union Home Ministry has notified the parliament's standing committee regarding the commencement of the census soon, and officials estimate that it will be completed by the end of 2026.
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Why is the Census in the news?
1. Upcoming census in 2025
The long-postponed census exercise and NPR (National Population Register) are likely to begin in 2025. Since the 2021 census was delayed due to the pandemic, this marks a pivotal shift in India's traditional census timeline.
2. Inclusion of caste related data
One of the major reasons why the census is in the news headlines is the planned inclusion of data regarding caste. It is one of the landmark decisions that will help to reshape the socio-political landscape of India. By gathering detailed data and information on the caste demographics, the Indian government will be able to address all the inequalities and promote inclusive development.
3. The state-level caste survey
The states like Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihar have already conducted the caste surveys that influence the national caste census system to conduct the survey to collect the data.
4. Leveraging technology
This National Census will be called the “first digital census” in the country.In that case, the surveyor can capture the data by using a mobile application that will empower them for the online self-enumeration.
Why does the information about caste matter?
For the political representation
The caste related data and information have the power to inform the way the electoral constituencies are arranged and how the reserved seats are allocated in the local bodies and parliament. It can shift the balance completely in the context of political power in various regions.
For the social justice
Having appropriate caste-related data is significant for designing inclusive policies that mainly target the underprivileged and marginalised communities.
For building the economic planning
A proper understanding of the socioeconomic conditions of various caste groups can assist in developing economic policies. It can also allow data-driven decisions in the arenas of healthcare, employment, rural development, and education.
What are the challenges in the future?
There is a range of benefits due to data accumulation regarding the caste. However, it might pose some challenges for the national census analysed below.
Privacy issues
Maintaining safety and security while collecting people’s data is necessary to prevent any kind of data breach.
Data accuracy
Ensuring the information is collected in a secure platform will be significant.
Escalation of social tension
The census results might trigger political agitation or increased demand to reserve more quotas in case some communities identify themselves as underrepresented.
Conclusion
The census in 2025 will be a transformative moment in India’s demographic journey. By including caste data and embedding digital technology, it can maintain transparency and credibility and provide a clear picture of Indian society. Social activists, scholars, policymakers, and the public of India are closely watching how the government conducts the census and manages its sensitive outcomes.