A brief overview of the Bihar election 2025
The Bihar assembly election 2025 for 243 seats is going to be held in October or November this year. This significant election will decide whether the NDA led by BJP and JD(U) recaptures power under the CM Nitish Kumar or the INDIA bloc led by Tejashwi Yadav succeeds.
Demographics in the Bihar election 2025
Population structure
Bihar is densely populated, young and conspicuously rural, which is the combination that makes important the factors like development, employment and welfare of the people in election time.
Caste wise population
The caste census report 2023 in Bihar has revealed that the state has almost 27.13% of the OBC and 36% of the extremely backwards subgroup, which is around 13.07 crore people altogether. In addition to that, the scheduled cast and the scheduled tribes were together approximately 21%.
Religious composition
Approximately 82% Hindu and 17.7% Muslim people are there in Bihar, which is politically important in various districts, mainly in Simanchal.
Youth demographics
The large population in Bihar is under the age of 25, which creates the significance of providing jobs and developing the skill centre.
The parties, alliances and their position in the Bihar election 2025
NDA: BJP, JD(United)/JD(U), HAM(S), LJP (RV) and allies
Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP, push an infrastructure and development narrative supported by project announcements and well-recognised inaugurations.
Nitish Kumar, the chief minister of Bihar, is a prominent face of governance and consistency with the NDA. The long tenure and frequent shifts in the alliance of the chief minister have made him recognisable yet highly controversial.
Lok Janshakti Party or LJP, which was founded by Ram Vilas Paswan and now led by his son Chirag Paswan, remains the key to the NDA alliance. This party has given a youth-centric message.
Hindustani Awam Morcha (secular) or HAM(S), founded by Jitan Ram Manjhi, has reasserted support for the NDA.
Also read: Bihar: The Land of Ancient Civilisation & Historical and Cultural Riches
Their stand
The NDA road show in August 2025 has made the slogan “225 in 2025, phir se Nitish” familiar, which also aims to reflect the joint achievements of the central and state governments.
INDIA Bloc: Congress, RJD and Left
RJD
Rashtriya Janata Dal, led by Tejashwi Yadav, has influenced voters through some factors like government jobs, unemployment and domicile policy for the youth of Bihar. He urges the people of Bihar to give him 20 months to transform the state through establishing a youth commission, benefits on home tutoring and free exam forms.
Congress
The leaders of Congress are campaigning rigorously. The party has compared the state to an epicentre of unemployment, where they want to consolidate people and provide benefits to the marginalised group.
Left parties
CPI(ML) has strongly protested against the SIR in Bihar. The party has organised the nationwide protest along with the MPs of the India Bloc to bring this matter into the parliament.
AAP
Aam Aadmi Party or AAP has performed strongly in Seemanchal in 2020 but witnessed defections. Now in 2025, the party is ready to go alone when it comes to the contest in the election.
Their stand
The leaders of the India Bloc have strongly condemned the SIR and are set to launch “Vote Adhikar Yatra” on September 11. This mass rally will start from Sasaram, which is part of the “Bharat Jodo Yatra” founded by Congress leader Rahul Gandhi. He has stated that the India Bloc will concentrate on a common manifesto for the Bihar assembly polls in 2025. The manifesto will be associated with work unitedly both politically and ideologically, which will give a fruitful result.
Also Read: Bihar Election 2025 — A Crucial Political Theatre
Special Intensive Revision in the Bihar election 2025
House-to-house verification
As the Election Commission of India (ECI) begins a Special Intensive Revision of the electoral rolls in Bihar, where polls are due in October and November this year, a massive political controversy has erupted.
This revision has included house-to-house voter verification, which is also planned in the five other states ahead of the 2026 assembly election. However, the opposition parties are not convinced. According to them, the timing is questionable, and they accused the election commission of providing benefits to the ruling party.
The Election Commission has strongly defended this statement and stated that maintaining a clean, accurate and updated election roll is its constitutional duty. Moreover, they are authorised to maintain the foundation of free and fair elections.
Role of the ECI (Election Commission of India)
As a part of this revision, both level officers in Bihar have conducted door-to-door surveys until July 2026. They last voters to fill out forms and submit documents proving their identity and place of birth.
Special focus has been given to the people of Bihar who were born between 1987, 1st July and 2004’s December 2, those added after 2003.
The Election Commission has changed the main focus of its executive strategy due to the rapid urbanisation, increased migration and unreported deaths and the alleged inclusion of foreign nationals in the existing electoral rolls.
Key issues and agenda in the Bihar election 2025
Infrastructure and development
The NDA is highlighting the infrastructure that was launched with the coordination of the centre and states, and stating stability.
Employment and skilling
Employment creation is one of the significant parameters in the Bihar assembly election 2025. RJD has argued the domicile-first strategy of the centre and the vacancies in government jobs.
Caste survey
The caste survey in Bihar can be called a political lodestar. The parties will articulate the welfare message and candidate slate accordingly.
The robustness of the campaign in the Bihar election 2025
NDA initiates assembly-wise joint workers meeting by summoning all the states as part of the upcoming Bihar assembly election 2025. The discussion of this meeting will focus on highlighting the public welfare work and historic development executed by Bihar over the past two decades under the leadership of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar.
Prime Minister Modi unveils around 13000 crore projects in the state that have directly attacked the rule of Bihar under the RJD. It has been compared with the “lantern era”, which means the huge corruption.
The leaders of the opposition, such as the RJD and the Congress, are concentrating on unemployment. NDA must resolve the tension between Chirag Paswan and Nitish Kumar to avoid complications.
Lesser-known facts related to the Bihar Election 2025
The state of youth
Bihar frequently stands among the youngest States across India by age, which is a structural parameter for the changes related to employment and skill development.
Language
Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Magahi are some languages spoken widely by the people of Bihar, and political campaigns sometimes tailor their messages to these languages to increase connection with the people.
Voter deletion
The Simanchal region of Bihar, including Kishanganj, Araria, Katihar and Purnia, has witnessed a pertinent voter deletion in the electoral roll that amounts would be many lakhs.
These districts are adjacent to Nepal and Bangladesh, which have a huge Muslim population and are subject to infiltration.
A total of 24 assembly seats associated with this place are crucial to the INDIA Bloc and NDA, which marked a close contest in the election.
Timeline of the Bihar election 2025
Probable date
The Election Commission will organise the assembly election in Bihar in October or November this year. The corrections on the voter list and enrolling the new voters are still in process.
Personal views on the Bihar election 2025
Credibility test for employment
The voters will expect to disclose the proof points for the people who got employment in the last 5 years, as promised by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. On the other hand, the voter can compare the promises of providing employment by JD(U) and setting up the youth commission by RJD.
Coalition control management
Both the NDA and the INDIA Bloc face alliance management. On one hand, NDA should balance the assertiveness of Chirag Paswan with the leadership of CM Nitish Kumar without assigning the caste blocs. On the other hand, the opposition should reconcile the endeavour of the Left, Congress and RJD. A minor rupture in the unity can affect the margins in the vote.
Conclusion
The Bihar assembly election 2025 is not a mere political event but also an examination of administrative capacity, democratic robustness and social maturity. With the significant amount of youth population, changing the caste dynamics and an increasing demand for credibility. Political parties will be required to focus on integrity and vision to secure the people's support. As Bihar is heading toward holding its assembly election in 2025, the future of the state lies between change and tradition.
Author: Snigdha Dhibar